When is marriage a sacrament?
The short answer
A marriage is sacramental when it is valid and both spouses are baptized (canon 1055 §2). So valid marriages between Catholics, or between a Catholic and a baptized non-Catholic, are sacramental; a valid marriage with a non-baptized person is not.
Canon 1055 §2 says that between the baptized a valid marriage cannot exist without being, by that fact, a sacrament. So a sacramental marriage requires two things: (1) the marriage is valid, and (2) both parties are baptized.
For validity, Catholics must meet canon law's requirements, including observing the Church's form of marriage or being dispensed from it; this applies to every Catholic, even one marrying a non-Catholic. Every valid marriage between Catholics is sacramental, since every Catholic is baptized. A valid marriage between a Catholic and a baptized non-Catholic is sacramental; one between a Catholic and a non-baptized person is not.
Non-Catholics are generally not bound by canon law on marriage, so their marriages are presumed valid unless proven otherwise. Some are sacramental (both baptized) and some are not (one or both unbaptized).
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