Can a bishop overrule the Church's laws and teachings if he deems it necessary?
The short answer
No. That would contradict the teaching of Vatican I and II. Individual bishops are not infallible and cannot violate canon law, the Vatican's directives, or their bishops' conference's directives.
Not individually infallible
Local bishops are not infallible on their own and may not violate canon law, Vatican directives, or their national conference's directives.
The liturgy
Canon law says the approved liturgical books must be followed faithfully and no one may add, omit or change anything on his own authority (CIC 846 §1). Sacrosanctum Concilium likewise says no one, even a priest, may add, remove or change anything in the liturgy on his own authority.
In communion
The Catechism teaches that bishops' authority must be exercised in communion with the whole Church under the guidance of the pope (CCC 895).
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