What is Confirmation?

A personal Pentecost

On Pentecost the Holy Spirit descended on the apostles, transforming frightened men into bold witnesses (Acts 2:1-4). Confirmation extends that same gift to each believer (CCC 1302).

In Acts, Peter and John travel to Samaria to lay hands on those already baptized "that they might receive the holy Spirit" (Acts 8:14-17). This laying on of hands, distinct from Baptism, is the root of Confirmation.

What Confirmation does

The Catechism lists its effects (CCC 1303):

roots us more deeply in our identity as children of God;
unites us more firmly to Christ;
increases the gifts of the Holy Spirit;
binds us more perfectly to the Church;
gives special strength to spread and defend the faith.

Like Baptism, it leaves a permanent spiritual seal and is received only once (CCC 1304).

The rite

The essential sign is the anointing with chrism — perfumed olive oil blessed by the bishop on Holy Thursday — on the forehead, with the words: "Be sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit." The newly confirmed answers "Amen," and the bishop offers the sign of peace.

At what age?

In the Latin Church, Confirmation is usually received between about age 7 and 16, depending on the diocese. Adults entering the Church are confirmed at the Easter Vigil. Eastern Catholic Churches confirm (chrismate) infants immediately after Baptism.

Many choose a saint's name as a patron. A sponsor — ideally a godparent — must be a confirmed, practising Catholic.