Must the Church use specially made liturgical wine for Mass?
The short answer
In principle any pure, unspoiled grape wine may be consecrated. But because commercial wines are often adulterated, the Holy See insists that Mass wine come from sources beyond suspicion — reputable Mass-wine vendors, or wine otherwise guaranteed pure.
What the law requires
Canon law says the wine must be natural, from the fruit of the vine, and not spoiled (CIC 924). The General Instruction of the Roman Missal adds that it must be from the grapevine (see Luke 22:18), natural and unmixed with other substances, and kept so that it does not turn to vinegar (GIRM 322-323).
Commercial wine
Fr. Nicholas Halligan, O.P., explains that the Holy See insists Mass wine come from sources beyond suspicion, since wine can be adulterated in many ways used commercially to preserve, age or improve it. Wine should be bought only from reputable vendors of Mass wine, or when otherwise guaranteed pure.